In three state of the art short sharp lectures the most recent information on the role of neuromodulation in diabetic neuropathy will be presented.  Drs. Jose Antonio Lopez and Andrei Sdrulla will co-moderate this session. The mechanism of action and (translational) insights from the laboratory will be covered by Prof.Dr.Bert Joosten. The subsequent presentations will cover important recent developments in the field of neuromodulation therapy as an emerging and important tool to manage painful DPN. An overview of the evidence related to pain relieving effects of non-invasive neuromodulation in treatment of DPN will be presented by Dr. Helena Knotkova. An overview on the clinical evidence related to pain relieving effects of spinal cord stimulation in treatment of DPN will be presented by Dr. Eellan Sivanesan.