Up to 50% of those with diabetes develop diabetic neuropathy and in up to 30-50% of these individuals, neuropathy is associated with neuropathic pain which has a major negative impact on quality of life. At the start of the session a brief overview of diabetic neuropathy explaining that there are a number of different diabetic neuropathies but the principal focus will be on the length dependent, predominantly sensory diabetic neuropathy. In this session we will discuss some of the established and emerging techniques which can be used for deep phenotyping of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. These include clinical assessment, sensory profiling (using questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing), pathology such as skin biopsy, molecular techniques such as genomics, physiological measures such as electrophysiology and functional brain imaging and psychology. Insight will be provided as to how these techniques can be employed to understand mechanisms of pain in diabetic neuropathy and to attempt to answer the important question as to why only a proportion of people living with diabetic neuropathy develop neuropathic pain. We will also discuss how these techniques may help with early diagnosis and the efforts to develop biomarkers for painful diabetic neuropathy.  We will discuss how integration of these complex datasets for instance using machine learning may help stratification and ultimately be used to determine those most at risk of painful diabetic neuropathy. Finally the use of stratification in drug development and better targeting of existing treatments will be reviewed.