Axons are much more than a “transmission cable” for the propagation of action potentials. Axonal physiology is complex, with different mechanisms that have an impact on membrane excitability, signal initiation, signal conduction and transmission fidelity. This is particularly relevant for sensory axons. Recent breakthroughs made possible by in vitro technological developments such as voltage imaging, microfluidic tools, or microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have opened new insights into axonal signal conduction and generated a renewed interest in axon physiology. This presentation will focus on the combination of MEAs and microfluidics to produce in vitro platforms for the detailed study of axonal conduction in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) organotypic cultures. These platforms create the conditions to monitor and modulate axonal activity with a high degree of spatiotemporal resolution. This combination of microfluidics and MEAs can be used to study the electrophysiology associated with the development and regeneration (after axotomy) of sensory axons, properties of spontaneous activity, evoked responses to drugs, information encoding, among others. Data from experiments with wild-type C57BL/6 mice DRG explants will be presented.