The study found distinct gut microbiota composition presented in stool samples of healthy individuals and those with shingles or PHN. FMT from PHN patients induced pain hypersensitivity in intact mice and alteration of gene expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn, highlighting the crucial role of gut microbiota in pain regulation. These findings suggest that alterations in gut microbiota may contribute to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain, and FMT could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for pain management.