Multimodal evoked potentials are widely used in the field of pain research. Using modality-specific stimulation such as cold, heat or pinprick stimuli, distinct somatosensory deficits can be objectively disclosed. Laser evoked potentials and contact heat evoked potentials have been implemented into the clinical work-up of patients with suspected small fiber neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia or focal spinal lesions affecting the spinothalamic system. This presentation will highlight the diagnostic value of pain-related evoked potentials with a particular emphasis on spinal topodiagnosis and the asssessment of neuropathic pain mechanisms after spinal cord injury. Moreover, emerging applications involving the assessment of pain habituation as a promising marker of sensitization processes will be presented for neuropathic pain conditions. Finally, clinically applicable protocols will be introduced, and the integration of evoked potentials into the clinical decision making process in the field of spinal neurology and neuropathic pain will be highlighted.