Dysregulation of pain-associated genes in sensory nerve system is considered to be a molecular basis of chronic neuropathic pain genesis. Non-coding RNAs including miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs govern gene expression. In this workshop, we will discuss the updated evidence that non-coding RNAs contribute to chronic neuropathic pain and are potential biomarkers and/or targets for this disorder. Dr. Malcangio will discuss how miRNAs regulate neuron-immune communication in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) under neuropathic pain conditions. Dr. Sakai will present a potential of non-coding RNAs, especially lncRNAs, as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in neuropathic pain. Dr. Tao will discuss how a newly identified nerve injury-specific long lncRNA expressed in rodent and human DRG participates in neuropathic pain and provide novel evidence that it could be a potential target for this disorder.