It is well established that neuropathic pain is associated with maladaptive changes in neural tissue and circuitry. Current advances in adaptive neurotechnologies have enabled critical insights into understanding and treating neuropathic pain. These novel technologies have gained recent popularity for elucidating mechanisms of neuropathology and providing a means to modulate aberrant neural activity patterns. By extracting distinct electrophysiological patterns related directly to pain perception, it is possible to develop safe and novel approaches to treating a wide range of neuropathic pain symptoms. This session will focus on novel ways to leverage physiological markers of pain perception to improve the current repertoire of pain therapies. We will describe new electrophysiological patterns associated with pain relief, nociceptive processing, and post-operative pain severity. We will then describe how these mechanisms can be harnessed to create new devices and treatments for neuropathic pain.